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''Il manifesto'' is an Italian language daily newspaper published in Rome, Italy. While it calls itself communist, it is not connected to any political party. ==History and profile== ''Il manifesto'' was founded as a monthly review in 1969 by a collective of left-wing journalists engaged in the wave of critical thought and activity on the Italian left in that period. Its founders included Luigi Pintor, Valentino Parlato, Lucio Magri, and Rossana Rossanda.〔 In April 1971 it became a daily. Although critical of the Italian Communist Party (PCI), it was popular with many party supporters who saw it as more lively and independent than the party newspaper ''L'Unità''. The 1991 PCI dissolution that gave birth to the social democratic Democratic Party of the Left was not followed by ''Il manifesto'', a paper which maintains positions closer to those of robustly left wing parties, such as Communist Refoundation Party, while remaining independent. ''Il manifesto'' is known in Italy for its bitter and sarcastic headlines, puns, and clever choice of photographs. For example, the day of the election of Pope Benedict XVI, the first page of ''Il manifesto'' featured a large photo of the newly elected pope, along with the title ''the German shepherd''. It has included the satirical drawings of Vauro. Valentino Parlato served as the editor-in-chief of the daily. Its co-directors are Norma Rangeri and Tommaso di Francesco. One of its reporters, Giuliana Sgrena, was kidnapped by Iraqi insurgents in February 2005 and released on 4 March. A controversy erupted when her rescue vehicle was shot by American troops, killing an Italian security agent. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「il manifesto」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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